تاثیر یادگیری معکوس بر پیشرفت دستوری زبان دوم/خارجی دانش آموزان ایرانی مقطع دبیرستان و اضطراب زبان خارجی در آنها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

چکیده

اگرچه مروری بر ادبیات، مزایایی را برای مدل تدریس معکوس در آموزش مطرح می‌کند، اما پژوهش اندکی درباره اثربخشی مدل یادگیری کلاس معکوس بر موفقیت دستوری یادگیرندگان زبان دوم/خارجی وجود دارد.علاوه بر این، اضطراب زبان خارجی به عنوان یک عامل تأثیرگذار عاطفی نامطلوب در روند یادگیری دستور زبان خارجی در مدارس بر شمرده می‌شود که لازم است کاهش یابد. هدف این پژوهش بررسی این مساله است که آیا اجرای مدل کلاس یادگیری معکوس تأثیر معناداری بر موفقیت دستوری زبان آموزان انگلیسی در دبیرستان در ایران دارد. .همچنین، این پژوهش اضطراب زبان خارجی زبان آموزان را در کلاس به روش یادگیری معکوس بررسی کرده است. به همین منظور، دو نسخه همسان آزمون دستور (آزمون دستور پیش‌آزمون و پس-آزمون) محقق-ساخته برای بررسی موفقیت دستوری دو کلاس متشکل از 60 دانش‌آموزان دبیرستانی در یک مدرسه دبیرستان در اصفهان طراحی گردید. شرکت‌کنندگان به دو گروه مجزا (تجربی و کنترل) تقسیم شدند. علاوه‌بر‌این ، یک مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته برای جمع‌آوری داده‌های کیفی از 30 شرکت‌کننده در گروه تجربی (معکوس) انجام شد. داده‌های کمی با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل کوواریانش مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت و بر روی داده‌های کیفی مصاحبه، تحلیل موضوعی انجام شد. نتایج تحلیل کوواریانش تأثیر قابل توجه روش یادگیری معکوس را بر موفقیت دستوری زبان خارجی دانش‌آموزان نشان داد. همچنین تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های کیفی، اطلاعاتی را در مورد سطح اضطراب زبان خارجی، علل ایجاد اضطراب و راهبردهای‌های مقابله‌ای با آن را ارائه داد. یافته‌های تحقیق، حاوی دستآوردهایی برای کاربرد روش یادگیری معکوس در افزایش دانش دستوری زبان خارجی و کاهش سطح اضطراب زبان خارجی دانش‌آموزان در پی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Adnan, M. (2017). Perceptions of senior-year ELT students for the flipped classroom: A materials development course. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 30(3-4), 204- 222.
Alavi Moghaddam, S. B., Kheirabadi, R., Rahimi, M., & Alavi, S. M. (2019). English for schools: Prospect 3. Planning and Research Organization of the Ministry of Education.
Al-Jarf, R. (2005). The effects of online grammar instruction on low proficiency EFL college students' achievement. The Asian EFL Journal Quarterly,7(4), 24-37.
Alnuhayt, S. S. (2018). Investigating the use of the flipped classroom method in an EFL vocabulary course. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 9(2), 236-242.
Aguila, K. B., & Harjanto, I. (2016). Foreign language anxiety and its impacts on students’ speaking competency. Anima Indonesian Psychological Journal,32(1), 29-40.
Aydin, S. (2018). Technology and foreign language anxiety: Implications for practice and future research. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 14, 193-211.
Banditvilai, C. (2016). Enhancing students’ language skills through blended learning. The Electronic Journal of e-Learning. 14(3), 220-229.
Bergmann, J., & Sams, A. (2012). Flip your classroom: Reach every student in every class every day. International Society for Technology in Education.
Butt, A. (2014). Student views on the use of a flipped classroom approach: Evidence from Australia. Business Education and Accreditation,6(1), 25-38.
Chang, C., & Lin, H. C. K. (2019). Classroom interaction and learning anxiety in the IRS-integrated flipped language classrooms. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 28(3), 193-201.
Chen, M. R. A. & Hwang, G. J. (2019). Effects of a concept mapping‐based flipped learning approach on EFL students' English-speaking performance, critical thinking awareness, and speaking anxiety. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(3), 817-834.
Geranpayeh, A. (2003). A quick review of the English Quick Placement Test. Research Notes Quarterly, 12, 8-10.
Ghaith, G. M., (2020). Foreign language reading anxiety and metacognitive strategies in undergraduates' reading comprehension. Educational Research, 30(4), 1310-1328.
Ghufron, M. A., & Nurdianingsih, F. (2019). Flipped teaching with CALL in EFL writing class: How does it work and affect learner autonomy? European Journal of Educational Research, 8(4), 983-997.
Haldun, V. (2019). The relationship of personality traits with English speaking anxiety. Research in Educational Policy and Management, 1(1), 55-74.
Hao, Y. (2016). Middle school students’ flipped learning readiness in foreign language classroom: Exploring its relationship with personal characteristic and individual circumstances. Journal of Computers in Human Behavior, 59, 295-303.
Herreid, C. F., & Schiller, N. A. (2013). Case studies and the flipped classroom. Journal of College Science Teaching, 42(5), 62-66.
Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. Modern Language Journal, 70, 125–132.
Hung, H. T. (2015). Flipping the classroom for English language learners to foster active learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 28(1), 81-96.
Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Estrada, V., & Freeman, A. (2015). NMC horizon report: 2015 K-12 edition. The New Media Consortium.
Jones, N. (2000). BULATS: A case study comparing computer-based and paper-and-pencil tests. Research Notes, 3, 10-13.
Khodabandeh, F., & Naseri, E. (2021). Comparing the impact of blended and flipped teaching strategies on students’ skimming technique and vocabulary learning. Teaching English Language (TEL), 15(2), 127-154.
Lucke, T., Dunn, P. K., & Christie, M. (2016). Activating learning in engineering education using ICT and the concept of ‘flipping the classroom’. European Journal of Engineering Education, 42(1), 45-57.
Mak, B. (2011). An exploration of speaking-in-class anxiety with Chinese ESL learners. System, 39, 202-214.
Nassaji, H., & Fotos, S. (2011). Teaching grammar in second language classrooms: Integrating form-focused instruction in communicative context. Routledge.
Nederveld, A., & Berge, Z. L. (2015). Flipped learning in the workplace. Journal of Workplace Learning, 27(2), 162-172.
Nuon, P., & Champakaew, W. (2017, August). Effects of ICT-aided flipped classroom on grammar achievement [Paper presentation]. Sixth International Conference on Language, Education, Humanities and Innovation, Singapore. http://iclei6.icsai.org/
O’Flaherty, J., Phillips, C., Karanicolas, S., Snelling, C., & Winning, T. (2015). The use of flipped classrooms in higher education: A scoping review. The Internet and Higher Education, 25, 85-95.
Oxford Quick Placement Test (2001). University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate. https://talk.m2.res.zabanshenas.com/original/3X/2/3/23334e1d02a0d2533c91397eb44159d2ee30417a.pdf
Öztürk, G., & Gürbüz, N. (2014). Speaking anxiety among Turkish EFL learners: The case at a state university. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 10(1), 1-17.
Pakdaman, A., Alibakhshi, G., & Baradaran, A., S. (2022). The impact of negotiated syllabus on foreign language learners' language anxiety and learning motivation. Teaching English Language (TEL), 16(1), 35-63.
Paudin, C. S. J. (2017). Exploring a flipped learning approach in teaching grammar for ESL students. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 2(1), 56-74.
Rifky, I., Silih, W., & Suciana, W. (2018). EFL learners’ speaking anxiety in an EOP program. Journal of ELT Research, 3(2), 193-203.
Schultz, D. D. S., & Rasmussen, S. C. (2014). Effects of the flipped classroom model on student performance for advanced placement high school chemistry students. Journal of Chemical Education, 91(9), 1334-1339.
Scovel, T. (1991). The effect of affect on foreign language: A review of the anxiety research. In E. K. Horwitz & D. J. Young (Eds.), Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications (pp. 15-23). Prentice Hall.
Shafiee Rad, H., Roohani, A., & Rahimi Domakani, M. (2021). Flipping EFL learners’ writing classroom through role-reversal and discussion-oriented models. Language Learning & Technology, 25(2): 158–177.
Soodmand, A., & Bagherieh, M. (2015) An evaluation of grammar and vocabulary consciousness-raising activities in current ELT materials. Teaching English Language (TEL), 9(1), 171-209.
Staker, M., & Horn, M. B. (2012, May 1). Classifying K-12 blended learning. Sematic Scholar. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Classifying-K-12-Blended-Learning.-Staker-Horn/9152c8230740e218c3ff5120b4d7bfb2f2fd603f
Steed, A. (2012). The Flipped Classroom. Teaching Business and Economics, 16(3), 9‐11.
Steen, U. A. T., & Foldnes, N. (2018). A qualitative investigation of student engagement in a flipped classroom. Teaching in Higher Education, 23(3), 307-324.
Webb, M., & Doman, E. (2019). Impacts of flipped classrooms on learner attitudes towards technology-enhanced language learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(3), 240-274.
Zhang, X. (2019). Foreign language anxiety and foreign language performance: A meta‐analysis. The Modern Language Journal, 103(4), 763-781.
Zheng, Y., & Cheng, L. (2018). How does anxiety influence language performance? From the perspectives of foreign language classroom anxiety and cognitive test anxiety. Language Testing in Asia, 8(13). 1-19.