مدلی برای دانش پرگمتیک زبان آموزان ایرانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

چکیده

دانش پرگمتیک به عنوان استفاده مناسب از زبان در موقعیت‌های واقعی و متفاوت برای دستیابی به اهداف تعاملی تعریف می‌شود. علی‌رغم اهمیت بسیار بالای دانش پرگمتیک، گزارشات حاکی از ضعف زبان‌آموزان در این دانش است. به منظور بهینه‌سازی روش‌های تدریس به‌کار گرفته شده در کلاس‌های آموزش زبان انگلیسی و همچنین بهبود سطح دانش پرگمتیک زبان‌آموزان، می‌توان مهارت‌هایی که ممکن است به عنوان اجزای تشکیل دهنده دانش پرگمتیک باشند را بررسی کرد. به جهت بررسی این موضوع از ۳۳ زبان‌آموز ایرانی که سطح مهارت زبانی آن‌ها بالاتر از سطح متوسط است تست‌هایی گرفته شد؛ تست‌هایی از جمله تعداد لغت، عمق دانش لغت، دانش مورفولوژی و گرامر، توانایی استنباط و همچنین دانش پرگمتیک. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست آمده، عمق دانش لغت،‌دانش مورفولوژی و توانایی استنباط در تشکیل دانش پرگمتیک مشارکت دارند؛ از این میان عمق دانش لغت نقش مهمتری دارد. با این حال، مدل به‌دست آمده تنها ۴۰٪ از دانش پرگمتیک را پیش‌بینی می‌کند. نتایج نشان دهنده پیچیدگی دانش پرگمتیک است. با اینکه تسلط بر مهارت‌های زبانی-شناختی ذکر شده ابزاری است برای باز کردن گره‌های معنایی در شرایط مختلف است، تدریس چنین مهارت‌هایی تنها ضامن آموزش بخشی از دانش پرگمتیک می‌باشد. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست آمده پیشنهاداتی برای دست‌اندرکاران آموزش زبان ارائه شده است.

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