Teaching English Language and Literature Society of Iran (TELLSI) Teaching English Language 2538-5488 19 2 2025 07 01 Enhancing IELTS writing: The role of task sequencing and corrective feedback بهبود نمره‌ی آیلتس: نقش ترکیب تکالیف و بازخورد اصلاحی 1 43 221485 10.22132/tel.2024.483562.1711 EN Sara Ziaei Faculty of Foreign Languages, University of Isfahan, Iran Mansoor Tavakoli Faculty of Foreign Languages, University of Isfahan, Iran Zahra Amirian Faculty of Foreign Languages, University of Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2024 10 14 This study, which is part of a larger one, investigated the combined effects of task sequencing (TS) and corrective feedback (CF) on IELTS writing scores. To reach this aim, 113 intermediate EFL learners were chosen and assigned to two groups. They took a pretest at the onset of the study. Each group performed task sets in the opposing orders: simple-to-complex (S-C) and complex-to-simple (C-S). Participants’ errors in the first set of tasks were given CF by error codes (ECs), while the errors in the second set were only underlined. Participants in both groups were asked to enhance their tasks based on the CF. They took a post-test at the end of the treatment. The pretest and posttest scores were calculated based on IELTS writing band descriptors. The Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) was administered to compare participants’ performance before and after the treatment. Among the four types of treatments (S-C-ECs, C-S-ECs, S-C, Underlining, C-S-underlining), the results exhibited an outperformance by the group that did the tasks in S-C order and received ECs. Findings had implications for IELTS writing preparation courses. این مطالعه که بخشی از یک مطالعه بزرگتر است، اثرات ترکیبی توالی وظایف  و بازخورد اصلاحی  را بر نمرات نوشتاری آیلتس بررسی می‌کند. برای رسیدن به این هدف، 113 زبان‌آموز سطح متوسط ​​ انتخاب و به دو گروه تقسیم شدند. آنها در ابتدای مطالعه یک پیش‌آزمون انجام دادند. هر گروه مجموعه وظایف را به ترتیب های مخالف انجام دادند: ساده به پیچیده و پیچیده به ساده . خطاهای شرکت‌کنندگان در مجموعه اول وظایف با کدهای خطا مشخص شدند، در حالی که در مجموعه ی دوم  فقط زیر خطاها خط کشیده شد. از شرکت‌کنندگان در هر دو گروه خواسته شد تا وظایف خود را بر اساس بازخورد اصلاحی دریافت شده  بهبود بخشند. آنها در پایان دوره پس‌آزمون انجام دادند. نمرات پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون بر اساس توصیف‌کننده‌های نمره نوشتاری آیلتس محاسبه شد. تحلیل یکطرفه ی واریانس برای مقایسه عملکرد شرکت‌کنندگان قبل و بعد از دوره اجرا شد. در میان چهار نوع  گروه آزمایش، نتایج نشان‌دهنده عملکرد بهتر گروهی بود که تکالیف را به ترتیب  ساده به پیچیده انجام داده و کدهای خطا دریافت کرده بودند. یافته‌ها پیامدهایی برای دوره‌های آمادگی نگارش آیلتس داشتند. https://www.teljournal.org/article_221485_d5dff3c1f4923c514945bdef232b830d.pdf

Teaching English Language and Literature Society of Iran (TELLSI) Teaching English Language 2538-5488 19 2 2025 07 01 Self-Regulated English Vocabulary Learning in Active Digital Classrooms: A Case Study at a Thai University یادگیری خودتنظیمی واژگان انگلیسی در کلاس‌های درس دیجیتال فعال: مطالعه موردی در یک دانشگاه تایلندی 45 87 232453 10.22132/tel.2025.479614.1694 EN Budi Waluyo Languages Department, Walailak University, Thailand 0000-0003-1919-2068 Annisa Laura Maretha Deakin University, Australia 0000-0002-5677-6524 Nafis Mahmud Khan TIIAME National Research University,Uzbekistan Journal Article 2024 09 21 <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">This case study examines the effectiveness of self-regulated vocabulary learning strategies using teacher-created lists and ICT tools in a 12-week general English course at a Thai university, assessing outcomes through pre- and post-tests and qualitative surveys of 969 students and six foreign lecturers. Quantitative data were analyzed using paired-sample t-tests to measure vocabulary improvement, independent t-tests to examine gender differences, and one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD to assess proficiency level disparities. Qualitative data, including student reflections and lecturer feedback, were analyzed using thematic analysis, applying a deductive approach for student data and an inductive approach for lecturer data. Themes emerged around students’ self-regulated learning strategies, such as repetitive practice and online research, as well as challenges related to word memorization and pronunciation. Lecturers generally supported the intervention but noted concerns about rote learning and student engagement. While self-regulated learning with teacher-created vocabulary lists boosts vocabulary development in smart classrooms, challenges with student motivation and contextual application call for further pedagogical improvement. </span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">این</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">مطالعه‌ی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">موردی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">به</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">بررسی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">اثربخشی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">راهبردهای</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">خودتنظیمی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">در</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">یادگیری</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">واژگان</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">زبان</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">انگلیسی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">با</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">استفاده</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">از</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">فهرست‌های</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">تهیه‌شده</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">توسط</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">مدرس</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">و</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">ابزارهای</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">فناوری</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">اطلاعات</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">و</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">ارتباطات</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cordia New'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH;"> (ICT) </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">در</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">یک</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">دوره‌ی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">۱۲</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">هفته‌ای</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">زبان</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">عمومی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">در</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">یکی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">از</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">دانشگاه‌های</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">تایلند</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">می‌پردازد</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">. </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">نتایج</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">از</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">طریق</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">پیش‌آزمون</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">و</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">پس‌آزمون</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">و</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">همچنین</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">نظرسنجی‌های</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">کیفی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">از</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">۹۶۹</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">دانشجو</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">و</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">شش</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">مدرس</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">خارجی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">ارزیابی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">شد</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">. </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">داده‌های</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">کمی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">با</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">استفاده</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">از</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">آزمون</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cordia New'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH;"> t </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">زوجی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">برای</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">سنجش</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">پیشرفت</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">واژگان،</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">آزمون</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cordia New'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH;"> t </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">مستقل</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">برای</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">بررسی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">تفاوت‌های</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">جنسیتی،</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">و</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">آزمون</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cordia New'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH;"> ANOVA </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">یک‌طرفه</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">همراه</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">با</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">آزمون</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">تعقیبی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">توکی</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cordia New'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH;"> (Tukey HSD) </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">برای</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">ارزیابی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">تفاوت‌های</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">سطح</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">مهارت</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">تحلیل</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">گردید</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">. </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">داده‌های</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">کیفی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">شامل</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">بازتاب‌های</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">دانشجویان</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">و</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">بازخورد</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">مدرسان،</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">با</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">رویکرد</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">قیاسی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">برای</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">داده‌های</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">دانشجویان</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">و</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">رویکرد</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">استقرایی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">برای</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">داده‌های</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">مدرسان</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">و</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">از</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">طریق</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">تحلیل</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">تماتیک</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">بررسی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">شد</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">. </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">مضامین</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">اصلی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">شامل</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">راهبردهای</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">یادگیری</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">خودتنظیمی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">دانشجویان</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">مانند</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">تمرین</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">مکرر</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">و</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">جستجوی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">آنلاین</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">و</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">نیز</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">چالش‌هایی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">در</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">زمینه‌ی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">به‌خاطرسپاری</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">و</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">تلفظ</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">واژگان</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">بود</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">. </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">مدرسان</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">به‌طور</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">کلی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">از</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">این</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">مداخله</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">حمایت</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">کردند</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">اما</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">نگرانی‌هایی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">در</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">مورد</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">یادگیری</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">طوطی‌وار</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">و</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">میزان</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">مشارکت</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">دانشجویان</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">مطرح</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">کردند</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">. </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">در</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">حالی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">که</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">یادگیری</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">خودتنظیمی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">با</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">فهرست‌های</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">واژگان</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">طراحی‌شده</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">توسط</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">مدرس</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">باعث</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">تقویت</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">توسعه‌ی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">واژگان</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">در</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">کلاس‌های</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">هوشمند</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">می‌شود،</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">چالش‌هایی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">در</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">زمینه‌ی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">انگیزه‌ی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">دانشجویان</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">و</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">کاربرد</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">واژگان</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">در</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">بافت</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">واقعی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">نیازمند</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">بهبودهای</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">آموزشی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">بیشتری</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cordia New',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">است</span> https://www.teljournal.org/article_232453_af1e8c58c971770b98e185019dcc64a9.pdf

Teaching English Language and Literature Society of Iran (TELLSI) Teaching English Language 2538-5488 19 2 2025 07 01 From Plagiarism to Paraphrasing: Graduate Students’ Approaches for Referencing Materials in Academic Writing از سرقت ادبی تا بازنویسی: رویکردهای دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی برای ارجاع به مطالب در نگارش دانشگاهی 89 137 232821 10.22132/tel.2025.480532.1698 EN Nagamurali Eragamreddy English Language Unit, Preparatory Studies Center, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Salalah 0000-0003-1026-183X Journal Article 2024 09 26 <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Proper citation practices have become crucial for maintaining academic integrity, yet graduate students frequently struggle with efficient paraphrasing and referencing. This paper explores the importance of paraphrasing to maintain academic integrity as well as to prevent graduate student plagiarism. A qualitative case study was conducted on 20 fourth-semester graduate students at an Indian university to obtain data collected on the same. Thematic coding was used to analyze the interviews to determine how the respondents have understood the importance of paraphrasing in the aversion of plagiarism. Findings revealed that students notice that paraphrasing is one of the strategies one should use to prevent plagiarism, yet they are not sure about their ability to use this strategy. Most of the respondents preferred specialized instruction and feedback as a means of helping them to improve their paraphrasing skills. This study establishes that teaching strategies will help students improve their skills in paraphrasing, so they can rely on fewer resources and become more independent academic writers. These findings show how crucial it is to provide educational institutions with comprehensive paraphrasing education.</span> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">رعایت شیوه‌های صحیح ارجاع‌دهی برای حفظ صداقت علمی اهمیت بسیاری یافته است، با این حال دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی اغلب در بازنویسی مؤثر و ارجاع‌دهی صحیح با مشکل مواجه می‌شوند. این مقاله به بررسی اهمیت بازنویسی (پارافریز) در حفظ صداقت علمی و جلوگیری از سرقت ادبی در میان دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی می‌پردازد. یک مطالعه‌ی کیفی موردی بر روی ۲۰ دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد در ترم چهارم در یکی از دانشگاه‌های هند انجام شد تا داده‌های مرتبط با این موضوع جمع‌آوری گردد. برای تحلیل مصاحبه‌ها از کدگذاری موضوعی استفاده شد تا درک شرکت‌کنندگان از نقش بازنویسی در پیشگیری از سرقت ادبی مشخص شود. یافته‌ها نشان داد که دانشجویان بازنویسی را یکی از راهبردهای مهم برای جلوگیری از سرقت ادبی می‌دانند، اما در مورد توانایی خود برای به‌کارگیری این راهبرد اطمینان ندارند. بیشتر پاسخ‌دهندگان آموزش تخصصی و بازخورد مستمر را بهترین روش برای بهبود مهارت‌های بازنویسی خود می‌دانستند. این مطالعه تأکید می‌کند که به‌کارگیری راهبردهای آموزشی مؤثر می‌تواند به دانشجویان در ارتقای مهارت بازنویسی کمک کرده و آنان را به نویسندگانی مستقل‌تر و متکی به خود در عرصه علمی تبدیل کند. یافته‌ها همچنین ضرورت ارائه آموزش جامع بازنویسی در مؤسسات آموزشی را برجسته می‌سازد.</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">.</span> https://www.teljournal.org/article_232821_bcd0e0de44b136ab159213966dbc2cda.pdf

Teaching English Language and Literature Society of Iran (TELLSI) Teaching English Language 2538-5488 19 2 2025 07 01 Metalinguistic Explanations and Indirect Written Corrective Feedback: Exploring EFL Students’ Emotions, Influencing Factors, and Perceptions توضیحات فرازبانی و بازخورد اصلاحی کتبی غیرمستقیم: بررسی احساسات، عوامل مؤثر و ادراکات دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی 139 181 232824 10.22132/tel.2025.468133.1659 EN Supiani Supiani Doctorate Program in ELT Faculty of Letters, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia, English Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Islam Kalimantan MAB Banjarmasin, Indonesia. 0000-0002-5846-0283 Nur Mukminatien Department of English, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia Suharyadi Suharyadi Department of English, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia Siti Muniroh Department of English, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia Utami Widiati Department of English, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia 0000-0002-8603-4556 Oktavia Tri Sanggala Dewi Doctorate Program in ELT Faculty of Letters, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia, English Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, Indonesia Journal Article 2024 07 17 <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Although numerous studies have examined the effects of different types of teachers’ written corrective feedback (WCF), research investigating students’ emotions, the influencing factors, and their perspectives toward receiving a combined approach of WCF types remains limited within the EFL writing context. This study aimed to explore students’ emotional responses to metalinguistic explanations and indirect WCF types, as well as the influencing factors, and to uncover students’ perspectives using both WCF types. Guided by a narrative case study approach, data were gathered from students’ written drafts and semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed that metalinguistic explanations enhanced students’ motivation, satisfaction, and engagement in the learning process. They received direct guidance from the teacher to improve their micro-writing skills and explicitly develop their language knowledge. However, when the indirect WCF type was given, most students experienced frustration, confusion, and disengagement in self-correcting macro errors. The students’ emotional reactions were affected by multiple factors, including their language proficiency, past experiences with teacher feedback, beliefs about its importance, and the clarity and specificity of the teacher’s WCF. Those with moderate to high proficiency, prior feedback familiarity, and positive attitudes toward feedback demonstrated higher resilience and viewed it as a supportive and productive approach for improving their writing skills.</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1f1f1f; mso-bidi-language: FA;">اگرچه مطالعات متعددی اثرات انواع مختلف بازخورد اصلاحی کتبی (</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1f1f1f; mso-bidi-language: FA;">WCF</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1f1f1f; mso-bidi-language: FA;">) معلمان را بررسی کرده‌اند، اما تحقیقاتی که احساسات دانش‌آموزان</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1f1f1f; mso-bidi-language: FA;">، عوامل مؤثر و دیدگاه‌های آنها را در مورد دریافت رویکرد ترکیبی از انواع </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1f1f1f; mso-bidi-language: FA;">WCF</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1f1f1f; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> بررسی می‌کنند، در زمینه نگارش </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1f1f1f; mso-bidi-language: FA;">EFL</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1f1f1f; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> محدود مانده است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی پاسخ‌های عاطفی دانش‌آموزان به توضیحات فرازبانی و انواع </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1f1f1f; mso-bidi-language: FA;">WCF</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1f1f1f; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> غیرمستقیم، و همچنین عوامل مؤثر، و کشف دیدگاه‌های دانش‌آموزان با استفاده از هر دو نوع </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1f1f1f; mso-bidi-language: FA;">WCF</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1f1f1f; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> انجام شد. با بکارگیری یک رویکرد مطالعه موردی روایی، داده‌ها از پیش‌نویس‌های کتبی دانش‌آموزان و مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته جمع‌آوری شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که توضیحات فرازبانی انگیزه، رضایت و مشارکت دانش‌آموزان را در فرآیند یادگیری افزایش می‌دهد. آنها راهنمایی مستقیمی از معلم دریافت کردند تا مهارت‌های نوشتاری خود را بهبود بخشند و دانش زبانی خود را به طور صریح توسعه دهند. با این حال، هنگامی که نوع غیرمستقیم بازخورد کلامی (</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1f1f1f; mso-bidi-language: FA;">WCF</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1f1f1f; mso-bidi-language: FA;">) ارائه شد، اکثر دانش‌آموزان در تصحیح خطاهای بزرگ خود، دچار ناامیدی، سردرگمی و عدم مشارکت شدند. واکنش‌های عاطفی دانش‌آموزان تحت تأثیر عوامل متعددی از جمله مهارت زبانی آنها، تجربیات گذشته با بازخورد معلم، باورهایشان در مورد اهمیت آن و وضوح و ویژگی بازخورد کلامی معلم قرار گرفت. کسانی که مهارت زبانی متوسط ​​تا بالایی داشتند، با بازخورد قبلی آشنایی داشتند و نگرش مثبتی نسبت به بازخورد داشتند، انعطاف‌پذیری بالاتری نشان دادند و آن را به عنوان یک رویکرد حمایتی و سازنده برای بهبود مهارت‌های نوشتاری خود می‌دانستند.</span> https://www.teljournal.org/article_232824_c1432d2864585da5911d219bdf85bad1.pdf

Teaching English Language and Literature Society of Iran (TELLSI) Teaching English Language 2538-5488 19 2 2025 07 01 Iranian EFL teachers’ cognitive change in relation to curriculum reform تغییر شناختی معلمان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی در ارتباط با اصلاح برنامه درسی 183 216 232826 10.22132/tel.2025.453648.1598 EN Mehran Sayyadi English Department, Ilam university Mohammad Aliakbari Ilam University Journal Article 2024 04 22 <span>Iran's latest ELT curriculum reform began in 2013 and was completed in 2019. The reform has had a significant impact on various aspects of instruction, but one of the most important aspects was the teachers' cognition as implementers of the reform. The concept of teacher cognition encompasses a wide range of issues related to teaching, including the classroom environment, contextual factors, and professional coursework. Yet, little was known about the cognition of EFL teachers in relation to curriculum reform. The purpose of this study was to examine how teachers' cognition is influenced by the curriculum reform process. Due to the qualitative nature of this research, a semi-structured interview was conducted to gather pertinent information regarding this issue. The researchers analyzed the collected data to identify the most relevant findings. The findings suggest that the curriculum reform was largely successful in its implementation, with teachers' cognition demonstrating its effectiveness; however, some deficiencies exist. The reform also prompted a transformation in teachers' cognition, necessitating them to update their knowledge and enhance their language skills. The findings provide practical implications that can be used to improve curriculum planning, instructional design, and the facilitation of successful curriculum reform processes.</span> <span lang="AR-SA">اصلاح اخیر برنامه درسی آموزش زبان انگلیسی در ایران از سال </span><span lang="FA">۲۰۱۳</span><span lang="AR-SA"> آغاز شد و در سال </span><span lang="FA">۲۰۱۹</span><span lang="AR-SA"> به پایان رسید. این اصلاح تأثیر قابل‌توجهی بر جنبه‌های مختلف آموزش داشت، اما یکی از مهم‌ترین جنبه‌ها، شناخت معلمان به‌عنوان اجراکنندگان اصلاحات بود. مفهوم شناخت معلم طیف وسیعی از مسائل مرتبط با آموزش را در بر می‌گیرد، از جمله محیط کلاس درس، عوامل زمینه‌ای، و دوره‌های آموزشی حرفه‌ای. با این حال، اطلاعات اندکی درباره شناخت معلمان زبان انگلیسی نسبت به اصلاح برنامه درسی وجود داشت. هدف این مطالعه بررسی نحوه تأثیرگذاری فرآیند اصلاح برنامه درسی بر شناخت معلمان بود. با توجه به ماهیت کیفی این پژوهش، مصاحبه‌ای نیمه‌ساختاریافته برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات مرتبط در این زمینه انجام شد. پژوهشگران داده‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده را برای شناسایی یافته‌های مرتبط تحلیل کردند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که اصلاح برنامه درسی تا حد زیادی در اجرا موفق بوده است و شناخت معلمان اثربخشی آن را تأیید می‌کند؛ با این حال، برخی نارسایی‌ها نیز وجود دارد. این اصلاح همچنین منجر به تحول در شناخت معلمان شد و آن‌ها را ملزم به به‌روزرسانی دانش و تقویت مهارت‌های زبانی‌شان کرد. این یافته‌ها پیامدهای کاربردی مهمی دارند که می‌توان از آن‌ها برای بهبود برنامه‌ریزی درسی، طراحی آموزشی، و تسهیل موفقیت‌آمیز فرآیند اصلاح برنامه درسی بهره برد</span><span dir="LTR">.</span> https://www.teljournal.org/article_232826_475ed2bcea4c40e278fdee66abd4d600.pdf

Teaching English Language and Literature Society of Iran (TELLSI) Teaching English Language 2538-5488 19 2 2025 07 01 The Effects of Positive Self-Talk on EFL Learners' Speaking Skills, Language Learning Motivation, Autonomy, And Self-Confidence تأثیر خودگویی مثبت بر مهارت گفتاری، انگیزش یادگیری زبان، خودمختاری و اعتمادبه‌نفس زبان‌آموزان انگلیسی به‌عنوان زبان خارجی 217 253 232920 10.22132/tel.2025.462466.1629 EN Sayed M. Ismail Assistant Professor, English Department, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia Fidel Çakmak Associate Professor, Department of Foreign Language Education, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey Journal Article 2024 06 11 <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">As there are different psychological variables involved in English language learning, this study investigated how English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students’ speaking ability, motivation for language acquisition, learner autonomy (LA), and self-confidence were affected by positive self-talk (PST). To achieve this goal, the researchers recruited sixty EFL learners using the convenience sampling method and then divided them into two groups. Subsequently, both groups were pretested for speaking ability, language learning motivation, LA, and self-confidence. The participants in one group received an intervention through PST, while those in the other group received traditional training without applying PST. After the treatment, both groups took post-tests on their speaking ability, motivation for language acquisition, LA, and self-confidence. The results displayed variations in the post-test scores of the two groups, with the experimental group (EG) outperforming the control group (CG). Some implications and conclusions were drawn from the results.</span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">از آنجا که یادگیری زبان انگلیسی با متغیرهای روان‌شناختی گوناگونی در ارتباط است، پژوهش حاضر به بررسی تأثیر «خودگویی مثبت» بر مهارت گفتاری، انگیزش یادگیری زبان، خودمختاری یادگیرنده و اعتمادبه‌نفس زبان‌آموزان انگلیسی به‌عنوان زبان خارجی</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> (EFL) </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">پرداخت. برای دستیابی به این هدف، شصت زبان‌آموز انگلیسی از طریق روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب و به دو گروه تقسیم شدند. در مرحله‌ی نخست، هر دو گروه در آزمون پیشرفت اولیه شامل مهارت گفتاری، انگیزش یادگیری زبان، خودمختاری و اعتمادبه‌نفس شرکت کردند. سپس گروه آزمایش در معرض آموزش مبتنی بر خودگویی مثبت قرار گرفت، در حالی‌که گروه کنترل آموزش سنتی بدون استفاده از این تکنیک را دریافت کرد. پس از پایان دوره، هر دو گروه در آزمون پس‌آزمون شرکت کردند. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین نمرات پس‌آزمون گروه آزمایش در مقایسه با گروه کنترل به طور معناداری بالاتر بود. یافته‌های پژوهش حاکی از تأثیر مثبت خودگویی مثبت بر ارتقای مهارت گفتاری، انگیزش، خودمختاری و اعتمادبه‌نفس زبان‌آموزان است</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">.</span> https://www.teljournal.org/article_232920_61affc75d14bbd7a4e2832491b7037b5.pdf

Teaching English Language and Literature Society of Iran (TELLSI) Teaching English Language 2538-5488 19 2 2025 07 01 Beyond Memorization: Unpacking Decontextualized, Semi-Contextualized, and Dual-Code Methods in Vocabulary Recall and Retention among EFL Learners فراتر از به‌خاطر سپردن: واکاوی روش‌های بدون زمینه، نیمه‌زمینه‌ای، و کد دوگانه در یادآوری و حفظ واژگان میان زبان‌آموزان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی 255 292 233360 10.22132/tel.2025.481231.1700 EN Mehdi Sarkhosh Department of English Language, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. 0000-0002-2483-4662 Shiva Azizpour University Lecturer, Department of English Language and Literature, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran/ Ph.D. in Applied Linguistics, Department of English Language, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran 0000-0002-5616-7390 Journal Article 2024 09 30 <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black;">Mastering vocabulary remains a major challenge for language learners, prompting a continuous exploration of the most effective long-term retention strategies. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of single- and dual-coding representation of L2 vocabulary items in the recall and retention of concrete words in two successive and distinct phases. In phase one, four distinct groups of female and male Iranian EFL language learners (n=80) received target concrete word instruction within the framework of verbal- (i.e., decontextualized L2-L1 flashcards) and visual-coding channels (i.e., semi-contextualized picture-supported L2 flashcards). In phase two, three distinct groups of participants (n=60) were exposed to verbal-, visual-, and dual-coding (i.e., verbal representations paired with pictures and L1 equivalents) methods for learning target concrete words. Afterwards, Kruskal-Wallis tests and Repeated Measures ANOVA were run to assess the differences in participants’ vocabulary retention across different teaching methods. A comparative analysis of pretest and posttest scores across both phases underscored the importance of integrating verbal coding of L2 vocabulary with visual imagery and dual-coding techniques for effective teaching of concrete word items. Moreover, the findings suggest that an exclusive focus on verbal encoding may impede language learners’ ability to efficiently and progressively expand their L2 lexicon. Ultimately, this multimodal approach promotes deeper cognitive engagement, enhances long-term retention, and highlights potential benefits of gender-responsive teaching strategies.</span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">تسلط بر واژگان همواره یکی از چالش‌‌های اصلی زبان‌آموزان است و همین امر باعث شده تا پژوهش‌های متعددی در جهت یافتن مؤثرترین استراتژی‌ها برای حفظ بلندمدت واژگان انجام شود. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی کارایی نمایش تک‌کدی و دوکدی واژگان زبان دوم در یادآوری و حفظ واژگان ملموس در دو مرحله متوالی و متمایز انجام شد. در مرحله اول، چهار گروه متمایز از زبان‌آموزان زن و مرد (تعداد=۸۰) آموزش واژگان ملموس هدف را در چارچوب کانال‌های کدگذاری زبانی (یعنی فلش‌کارت‌های بدون زمینه زبان اول و دوم) و کانال‌های بصری (یعنی فلش‌کارت‌های نیمه‌زمینه‌دار با تصاویر) دریافت کردند. در مرحله دوم، سه گروه متمایز از شرکتکنندگان (تعداد=۶۰) در معرض روش‌های کدگذاری زبانی، بصری و دوکدی (یعنی نمایش‌های زبانی همراه با تصاویر و معادل‌های </span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">زبان اول </span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">برای یادگیری واژگان ملموس هدف) قرار گرفتند. سپس آزمون کروسکال-والیس و آنالیز واریانس با اندازه‌گیری‌های مکرر برای ارزیابی تفاوت‌های ‌شرکت‌کنندگان در حفظ واژگان با توجه به روش‌های مختلف تدریس اجرا شد. تحلیل مقایسه‌ای نمرات پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون در هر دو مرحله، بر اهمیت ادغام کدگذاری زبانی واژگان </span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">زبان دوم</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> با تصاویر بصری و تکنیک‌های دوکدی برای آموزش مؤثر واژگان ملموس تأکید کرد. علاوه بر این، یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که تمرکز انحصاری بر کدگذاری زبانی ممکن است توانایی زبان‌آموزان در گسترش تدریجی و کارآمد دایره لغات </span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">زبان دوم</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> را مختل کند. در پایان، این رویکرد چندوجهی موجب درگیر شدن شناختی عمیق‌تر، تقویت حفظ بلندمدت و برجسته‌سازی مزایای احتمالی استراتژی‌های آموزشی مبتنی بر جنسیت میشود.</span> https://www.teljournal.org/article_233360_b421f58d7ef99f92ef4a32a23c58c4e6.pdf

Teaching English Language and Literature Society of Iran (TELLSI) Teaching English Language 2538-5488 19 2 2025 07 01 On the Relationship between Teachers' Classroom Management Beliefs and Learners' Views on their Teachers’ Pedagogical Success باور معلمان در مورد مدیریت کلاس به عنوان پیش بینی کننده نظر زبان آموزان درباره موفقیت معلم 293 315 233489 10.22132/tel.2025.422988.1529 EN Ahmadreza Eghtesadi Roudi Department of English Language Teaching, Farhangian University, P.O. Box14665-889, Tehran, Iran Fateme Alidadi Department of English Langauge Teaching, Islamic Azad University of Torbat Heydarie Journal Article 2023 10 30 <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: FA;">Classroom management is an important teaching skill that can influence the pedagogical success of teachers because, in a disciplined class, teachers can better put their lesson plans into practice. Too strict management, however, can negatively influence learners' views about their teachers' teaching skills. To study the relationships between teachers’ beliefs about appropriate classroom management and their learners' views about their teaching success, 322 Iranian teachers of English and their learners (n=1932) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>were surveyed using related questionnaires. The results of the regression analysis and Pearson correlations showed that three components of classroom management can significantly predict learners' views. There were negative relationships between instructional and people management components and students’ views about their teachers’ pedagogical success, but behavior management was positively correlated with students’ views. The findings imply that too strict classroom management strategies can have negative consequences, and teachers need to implement effective classroom management strategies. Teacher education courses also need to include such strategies in their curriculums. </span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Lotus'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">مدیریت کلاس مهارت مهمی است که می تواند بر موفقیت تدریس معلمان اثرگذار باشد زیرا معلمان را قادر می سازد تا طرح درس های خود را در کلاسی منظم به اجرا بگذارند. اما مدیریت بیش از حد سختگیرانه می تواند اثر معکوس داشته و موجب نظر منفی زبان آموزان درباره ویژگیهای معلمشان شود. هدف این مطالعه بررسی اثر باورهای معلمین درباره مدیریت کلاس بر نظر زبان آموزان درباره ویژگیهای معلمشان به عنوان معلم موفق بود. برای این منظور 322 معلم زبان انگلیسی و دانش آموزانشان مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند و پرسشنامه باورهای مدیریت کلاس و ویژگیهای معلم موفق زبان انگلیسی را پر کردند. نتیجه آزمون همبستگی و رگرسیون حاکی از آن است که سه مولبفه<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>باورهای مدیریت کلاس توسط معلم به طور معناداری می توانند نظر زبان آموزان درباره ویژگیهای معلمشان را پیش بینی کنند. رابطه میان مدیریت آموزش و مدیریت افراد و نظر زبان آموزان منفی و رابطه میان مدیریت رفتار و نظر زبان آموزان مثبت بود. یافته های این پژوهش نشان می دهد مدیریت بسیار سختگیرانه کلاس اثر منفی بر روی رویکرد زبان اموزان نسبت به معلمشان داشته باشد و معلمان با اتخاذ راهبردهای مدیرتی موثر می توانند رابطه بهتری با دانش آموزانشان داشته باشند و دوره های تربیت معلم پیش و حین خدمت باید به آموزش این راهبردها به معلمان و دانشجومعلمان بپردازند.</span> https://www.teljournal.org/article_233489_4acdf44deba3a577c71f5cf2c142319a.pdf

Teaching English Language and Literature Society of Iran (TELLSI) Teaching English Language 2538-5488 19 2 2025 07 01 Evaluating the Effectiveness of EFL Teacher Recruitment Exams in Upholding Professional Teaching Standards ارزیابی اثربخشی آزمون‌های استخدامی معلمان زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی در رعایت استانداردهای حرفه‌ای تدریس 317 351 234778 10.22132/tel.2025.479992.1697 EN Abdelkrim Hilali Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco 0000-0003-0331-7663 Mustapha Zanzoun Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco 0000-0001-7334-6799 Aali Ouzzine The Applied Language and Culture Studies Lab (ALCS Lab), Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco 0009-0005-0462-7761 Abderrazak El Alami Academy of Education and Training of BeniMellal-Khenifra, Minister of National Education, Preschool and Sports of Morocco 0000-0002-0274-1430 Journal Article 2024 09 23 <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Admission criteria are essential to select candidates who are qualified to be effective teachers and those who are not. </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-style: normal;">However, there are strengths and weaknesses in the criteria utilized to select prospective teachers for education programs</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">The primary objective of this study is to assess the validity, reliability, and credibility of the Moroccan EFL secondary teacher recruitment test. Data was collected between March and July 2024 using a questionnaire among <em><span style="font-style: normal;">EFL teacher trainees</span> </em>in three Moroccan regional centers for education and training professions<em>. </em>T</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU;">his study's findings show that many 2023 English language teacher applicants were dissatisfied with the entrance oral tests they were required to take. More</span><em><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span></em><em><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-style: normal;">than a third</span></em><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU;">of the participants confirmed that they disagreed with the educational sciences exam's procedure. </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN;">A number of respondents confirmed that they did not agree that the exam adequately assessed the candidate's English language proficiency.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU;"> </span><em><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-style: normal;">Some respondents</span></em><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU;"> <span lang="EN-AU">expressed disapproval with the way the English language didactics and the oral exam procedures were administered. </span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">The content analysis of the findings and the official regulations and circulars unveil the need for standardizing the examinations for better credibility, reliability and validity. </span> معیارهای پذیرش برای انتخاب داوطلبانی که واجد شرایط معلمی مؤثر هستند و داوطلبانی که واجد شرایط نیستند، ضروری است. با این حال، نقاط قوت و ضعفی در معیارهای مورد استفاده برای انتخاب معلمان بالقوه برای برنامه‌های آموزشی وجود دارد. هدف اصلی این مطالعه ارزیابی اعتبار، پایایی و اعتبار آزمون استخدام معلم زبان انگلیسی دوره متوسطه مراکش است. داده‌ها بین مارس و ژوئیه 2024 با استفاده از پرسشنامه‌ای از بین کارآموزان معلم زبان انگلیسی در سه مرکز منطقه‌ای مراکش برای حرفه‌های آموزشی و تربیتی جمع‌آوری شد. یافته‌های این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که بسیاری از متقاضیان معلمی زبان انگلیسی در سال 2023 از آزمون‌های شفاهی ورودی که باید در آنها شرکت می‌کردند، ناراضی بودند. بیش از یک سوم از شرکت‌کنندگان تأیید کردند که با رویه آزمون علوم تربیتی مخالف هستند. تعدادی از پاسخ‌دهندگان تأیید کردند که موافق نیستند که آزمون به طور کافی مهارت زبان انگلیسی داوطلب را ارزیابی کند. برخی از پاسخ‌دهندگان از نحوه آموزش زبان انگلیسی و رویه‌های آزمون شفاهی ابراز نارضایتی کردند. تجزیه و تحلیل محتوای یافته‌ها و مقررات و بخشنامه‌های رسمی، نیاز به استانداردسازی امتحانات برای اعتبار، پایایی و روایی بهتر را آشکار می‌کند.       https://www.teljournal.org/article_234778_cdcab9577f7c5aac0ac57642a3cb110f.pdf

Teaching English Language and Literature Society of Iran (TELLSI) Teaching English Language 2538-5488 19 2 2025 07 01 Language Learners’ Epistemological Development: Impact of Creative Writing Task-Based Instruction تکامل معرفت شناختی زبان آموزان: بررسی تأثیرآموزش مبتنی بر درسکارهای نویسندگی خلّاق 353 392 234781 10.22132/tel.2025.417548.1522 EN Marzieh Bagherkazemi English Language Teaching Department, Faculty of Islamic Education, ST.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-9621-1141 Masoumeh Rahmani Department of English Language Teaching, Islamic Azad University (Bandar Gaz Branch) Journal Article 2023 09 22 <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Research on L2 learning-specific epistemological beliefs (LLEBs), i.e., beliefs about L2 knowledge and knowing, is at a premium. This study explored the impact of creative writing tasks on the development of L2 learners’ LLEBs. To this end, 47 Iranian intermediate EFL learners were convenience sampled and divided into a control group (N= 23) and an experimental group (N=24). The experimental group received 10 sessions of instruction, each involving a distinct creative writing task. Tasks were designed to induce epistemic doubts on LLEBs, for which the instructor provided resolution strategies. The control group, on the other hand, engaged in essay writing and received written feedback. LLEBs’ development along the 4 points of epistemological continuum, i.e., absolute, transitional, independent, and contextual L2 knowing, was traced through the Language Learning-Specific Developmental Epistemology Inventory (Rahmani et al., 2023), and 10 experimental group members’ LLEBs-focused diaries at pre-, mid-, and post-treatment phases. ANOVA results showed the experimental group’s significant development from absolute to contextual L2 knowing. This finding was also confirmed in the directed qualitative content analysis of diaries. The findings have implications for the potential of creative writing tasks for LLEBs’ development</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-bidi-language: FA;">پژوهش های موجود در زمینه عقاید معرفت شناختی مختص فراگیری زبان دوم، یا همان عقاید مربوط به دانش و دانستن زبان دوم، معدودند. مطالعه حاضر تأثیر درسکارهای نویسندگی خلّاق<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>را بر تکامل این عقاید در میان زبان آموزان واکاوی کرد. به این منظور، 47 فراگیر ایرانی زبان انگلیسی با سطح مهارت زبانی متوسط در دو گروه آزمایش 24 نفره و گروه کنترل 23 نفره قرار گرفتند. آموزش به گروه آزمایش شامل 10 جلسه و هر جلسه متمرکز بر یک درسکار نویسندگی خلّاق بود که هر یک به شبهه های معرفتی پیرامون عقاید معرفت شناختی مختص زبان دوم انجامید و در ادامه، مدرس راهبردهای حل این شبهه ها را ارایه کرد. اما گروه کنترل در یک دوره مقاله نویسی شرکت کرده و بازخورد نوشتاری از معلّم دریافت کردند. تکامل معرفت شناختی شرکت کنندگان از دانستن مطلق به دانستن انتقالی، مستقل و در نهایت بافتاری از طریق پرسشنامه ی تکامل معرفت شناختی مختص فراگیری زبان دوم (</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-bidi-language: FA;">LDEI</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-bidi-language: FA;">)</span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-bidi-language: FA;">(رحمانی و همکاران، 2023)، و یادنگاشت های درخواستی و زمان بندی شده 10 نفر از اعضای گروه آزمایش در مراحل پیش از آزمایش،<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>حین آزمایش و پس از آن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج تحلیل فرایدمن </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-bidi-language: FA;">ANOVA </span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-bidi-language: FA;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>تکامل معنادار گروه آزمایش را نشان داد. تحلیل محتوای کیفی جهت مدار یادنگاشت ها هم این یافته را انعکاس داد. نتایج این پژوهش در زمینه اهمیت درسکارهای نویسندگی خلّاق برای تکامل معرفت شناختی زبان آموزان مورد بحث قرار می گیرد.</span> https://www.teljournal.org/article_234781_99662d9e1e7a09d27d1b708d720dfc84.pdf

Teaching English Language and Literature Society of Iran (TELLSI) Teaching English Language 2538-5488 19 2 2025 07 01 Working Memory in Second Language Learning: A Meta-Synthetic Study حافظه کاری در یادگیری زبان دوم: مطالعه ای فراترکیب 393 436 234803 10.22132/tel.2025.477591.1689 EN Mohammad Hadi Mahmoodi Department of English, Faculty of humanities, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran 0000-0002-2155-2387 Hamidreza Sheykholmoluki Department of English, Faculty of Humanities, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran 0000-0002-4340-3868 Journal Article 2024 09 09 <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">This study aimed to meta-synthesize the existing research on the role of working memory in L2 language learning. First, an initial pool of 125 JCR-listed articles was formed. Then, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 55 articles (N = 5189) were selected. Using the Nvivo 12 software and taking the Grounded Theory as the method of analysis, the articles were subjected to word-by-word content analysis to extract common patterns and recurring themes. The findings of the study indicate that the degree to which WM is involved in the L2 might vary depending on the L2 proficiency level, the nature of the L2 task, and the type and language of the WM test. The implications of the study are discussed in terms of the role of WM in task-based instruction, the trainability of WM, and how the findings of the study broaden our understanding of the role of WM in L2 learning.</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">پژوهش حاضر با هدف ترکیب کردن یافته های موجود در زمینه نقش حافظه کاری در یادگیری زبان دوم انجام شد. ابتدا نمونه ای متشکل از 125 مقاله چاپ شده در مجلات </span><span dir="LTR">JCR</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> تشکیل شد. سپس</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">˓</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> براساس معیارهای انتخاب و حذف مقالات</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">˓</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> 55 مقاله انتخاب شد. با استفاده از نرم افزار </span><span dir="LTR">Nvivo 12</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> و مبنا قرار دادن نظریه داده بنیاد (گراندد تئوری) به عنوان روشی برای تحلیل داده ها</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">˓</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> مقالات به منظور استخراج کردن الگوهای رایج و موضوعات پرتکرار دستخوش تحلیل محتوای کلمه به کلمه قرار گرفتند. یافته های پژوهش دلالت بر این مسئله دارند که میزان اثرگزاری حافظه کاری در یادگیری زبان دوم می­تواند بسته به عواملی همچون سطح توانش زبانی</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">˓</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> ماهیت فعالیت زبان دوم</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">˓</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> و نوع و زبان آزمون اندازه گیری حافظه کاری، تغییر کند. کاربردهای یافته های این پژوهش از نظر نقش حافظه کاری در تدریس فعالیت محور</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">˓</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> تقویت پذیری حافظه کاری و غنی بخشیدن به درک ما از رابطه بین حافظه کاری و اجزای آن از یک طرف و یادگیری زبان دوم و مهارت­های مختلف زبانی از طرف دیگر اهمیت دارد.</span> https://www.teljournal.org/article_234803_874063a513f432627014a76086be8b17.pdf

Teaching English Language and Literature Society of Iran (TELLSI) Teaching English Language 2538-5488 19 2 2025 07 01 Enhancing Indonesian Elementary Students’ Intercultural Communicative Competence: Insights from a Thanksgiving-themed Poster Project افزایش شایستگی ارتباط میان‌فرهنگی دانش‌آموزان ابتدایی اندونزی: نگاهی از خلال پروژه‌ی پوستر با موضوع شکرگزاری 437 467 236448 10.22132/tel.2025.539816.1931 EN Michelle Lontaan English Education Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Manado Deisyi Anna Batunan English Education Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Neger Manado 0000-0001-6934-2955 Olga Rorintulus English Education Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Manado Ceisy Nita Wuntu English Education Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Manado Journal Article 2025 08 07 <span lang="EN-ID" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-ID;">Grounded in Byram’s (1997) intercultural theory, this report defends intercultural communicative competence (ICC) and the enactment of project-based learning (PBL). In light of the significance of intercultural communicative competence in English language teaching (ELT), this study records an in-class research probing the enactment of project-based learning to enhance students' intercultural communicative competence in the primary ELT context. Six primary school students were recruited to take part in the investigation. In the present study, datasets were amassed from classroom observations, student interviews, and analysis of student-produced artifacts. Drawing on thematic analysis, findings showcased that project-based learning assists students to simultaneously cultivate their three Byram’s ICC components (cultural knowledge, respect and openness, and skill of interpreting) and stimulates study participants’ motivation and engagement in learning English. The absence of the other two higher-order elements of ICC (<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">skills of discovery and interaction and critical cultural awareness) </span>is likely attributed to young learners’ intellectual readiness, restricted experiential base, and </span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk211655824;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">restricted linguistic repertoire</span></span><span lang="EN-ID" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-ID;">. However, the study underscores the potential of project-based learning to cultivate learners’ ICC in EFL classrooms.</span>   <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Nazanin';">این پژوهش که بر نظریه میان‌فرهنگی بایرام (1997) استوار است، به تبیین و دفاع از مفهوم «شایستگی ارتباط میان‌فرهنگی (</span><span dir="LTR" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">ICC</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-bidi-language: FA;">)</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Nazanin';">» و اجرای «یادگیری مبتنی بر پروژه</span><span dir="LTR" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">(PBL) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Nazanin';">»</span><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Nazanin';">می‌پردازد. با توجه به اهمیت شایستگی ارتباط میان‌فرهنگی در آموزش زبان انگلیسی، این مطالعه گزارشی از پژوهشی درون‌کلاسی است که به بررسی اجرای یادگیری مبتنی بر پروژه برای تقویت شایستگی ارتباط میان‌فرهنگی در بافت آموزش زبان انگلیسی در دوره‌ی ابتدایی می‌پردازد. شش دانش‌آموز مقطع ابتدایی در این تحقیق شرکت داشتند. داده‌ها از طریق مشاهده‌ی کلاس، مصاحبه با دانش‌آموزان و تحلیل آثار تولیدشده توسط آنان گردآوری شد</span><span dir="LTR" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">.</span><span style="font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> <span lang="AR-SA">بر پایه‌ی تحلیل مضمون، یافته‌ها نشان داد که یادگیری مبتنی بر پروژه به دانش‌آموزان کمک می‌کند تا هم‌زمان سه مؤلفه‌ی شایستگی ارتباط میان‌فرهنگی بایرام (دانش فرهنگی، احترام و گشودگی، و مهارت تفسیر) را پرورش دهند و انگیزه و درگیری شناختی آنان در یادگیری زبان انگلیسی را افزایش دهد. فقدان دو مؤلفه‌ی سطح بالاتر شایستگی ارتباط میان‌فرهنگی (مهارت‌های کشف و تعامل و آگاهی انتقادی فرهنگی) احتمالاً به آمادگی شناختی محدود، تجربه‌ی زیسته‌ی اندک، و دامنه‌ی زبانی محدود یادگیرندگان خردسال نسبت داده می‌شود. با این حال، نتایج پژوهش بر ظرفیت و کارآمدی یادگیری مبتنی بر پروژه در پرورش شایستگی ارتباط میان‌فرهنگی زبان‌آموزان در کلاس‌های آموزش زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی تأکید می‌کند</span></span><span dir="LTR">.</span>   https://www.teljournal.org/article_236448_3d719f1c562c942e2de3ec85325d6e4e.pdf

Teaching English Language and Literature Society of Iran (TELLSI) Teaching English Language 2538-5488 19 2 2025 07 01 Challenges in Writing the Discussion of Results Section in TEFL Theses: Supervisor and Student Perspectives چالش‌های موجود در نگارش ’بخش بحث یافته‌های‛ پایان‌نامه‌های کارشناسی ارشد رشتۀ آموزش زبان انگلیسی به‌عنوان یک زبان خارجی: نگرش و دیدگاه دانشجویان و استادان راهنمای آنان 469 510 237648 10.22132/tel.2025.492289.1741 EN Parvaneh ShayesteFar Department of English Language Teaching, Farhangian Teacher Education University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-5713-7062 Fatemeh Nemati Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran. 0000-0001-9657-3126 Journal Article 2024 12 06 <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;">Globally, the number of second language (L2) students writing a Master’s thesis continues to increase. However, writing thesis genre poses challenges to both L2 students and supervisors. As research documents, in many academic contexts, L2 thesis students struggle writing thesis, in particular, writing discussion of results section (DRS) while their supervisors are not aware of unique difficulties and challenges they face when developing this genre-specific section. Much remains, therefore, to be known about a mutual understanding of the problems between supervisors and students. Drawing on this, the current study adopted a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with eight TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language) supervisor-student pairs to probe into their understanding of DRS writing requirements and difficulties. Analysis of semi-structured interview data revealed that (1) compared to their supervisors, students had a limited understanding of DRS foci, functions and requirements, (2) shared understanding of the nature and causes of the difficulties and challenges students encounter in DRS writing process was not fully found between the two sides, and (3) despite earlier evidence which identified language proficiency level as a default source for students’ difficulties, insufficient knowledge about DRS genre, i.e., inadequacy of DRS writing literacy, emerged as a crucial source of encountered difficulties and challenges. Implications of the findings are discussed in view of genre-specific intervention programs, emphasizing the need for enhanced DRS writing support, embedded genre-specific writing instruction into coursebooks, and fostered DRS writing literacy. </span> <strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Lotus'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ligatures: none;">در مقیاس جهانی، تعداد دانشجویان کارشناسی ارشد رشته‌ زبان دوم (</span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Lotus'; mso-ligatures: none;">L2</span></strong><strong><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'B Lotus'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ligatures: none; mso-bidi-language: FA;">) </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Lotus'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ligatures: none;">که ملزم به تدوین پایان‌نامه خود بوده رو به افزایش است. با این وجود، نگارش ژانر پایان‌نامه همواره با چالش‌هایی برای دانشجویان و استادان راهنمای آنان همراه بوده است. مطالعات موجود نشان می‌دهند که در بسیاری از بافت‌های آکادمیک و دانشگاهی، دانشجویان رشته زبان دوم با مشکلات تدوین و نگارش پایان نامه خود، بویژه در </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ligatures: none;">’</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Lotus'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ligatures: none;">بخش بحث یافته‌ها</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ligatures: none;">‛،</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Lotus'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ligatures: none;"> دست و پنجه نرم می‌کنند در حالی‌که استادان راهنما از بروز چنین مشکلات و یا چالش‌های منحصر به‌فردی که در فرآیند پرداختن به این ژانر خاص گریبانگیر دانشجوی آن‌ها می‌شود اطلاع چندانی ندارند. از این‌رو، رسیدن به درک و فهمی مشترک بین دانشجویان و استادان راهنمای آنان مستلزم دانستن ماهیت و زوایای متعدد این ژانر است. با عنایت به این موضوع، مطالعه حاضر با اتخاذ رویکردی کیفی و انجام مصاحبه‌های ژرف‌نگر با هشت گروه استاد-دانشجو (مجموعا 16 نفر) رشته آموزش زبان انگلیسی به‌عنوان زبان خارجی به بررسی ادراکات آنان از الزامات نگارش </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ligatures: none;">’</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Lotus'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ligatures: none;">بخش بحث یافته‌های</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ligatures: none;">‛</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Lotus'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ligatures: none;"> پایان‌نامه و مشکلات و چالش‌های آمیخته با این بخش پرداخته است. نتایج حاصله از تجزیه و تحلیل مصاحبه‌های نیمه-ساختاریافته نشان داد (1) در مقایسه با استادان راهنما، دانشجویان درک محدودی از کارکرد، الزامات و محورهای کانونی بخش بحث یافته‌ها دارند؛ (2) درک مشترکی از ماهیت و ریشه مشکلات و چالش‌هایی که دانشجویان حین فرآیند نگارش این بخش با آن مواجه می‌شوند به‌طور کامل بین دو طرف مشاهده نشد؛ و (3) علیرغم شواهد پیشین که اغلب به‌صورت پیش‌فرض </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ligatures: none;">’</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Lotus'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ligatures: none;">سطح بسندگی/توانایی زبانی</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ligatures: none;">‛</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Lotus'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ligatures: none;"> دانشجویان را منبع اصلی مشکلات آنان قلمداد می‌نماید، نتایج مطالعه حاضر </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ligatures: none;">’</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Lotus'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ligatures: none;">عدم برخورداری از دانش کافی</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ligatures: none;">‛</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Lotus'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ligatures: none;"> درمورد ژانر مذکور، به‌عبارتی </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ligatures: none;">’</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Lotus'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ligatures: none;">عدم برخورداری از سواد نگارش بخش بحث یافته‌های</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ligatures: none;">‛</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Lotus'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ligatures: none;"> پایان‌نامه، را به‌عنوان منبع اصلی ایجاد مشکلات و چالش‌های پیش روی این ژانر معرفی می‌نماید. مقاله حاضر، در انتها، به بحث پیرامون کاربرد و پیامدهای برآمده از نتایج فعلی در ارتباط با برنامه‌های آموزشی مداخله‌ای، همچون برنامه آموزشی ژانر-محور، پرداخته و در این راستا مشخصا نیاز به چند مولفه مهم را برجسته می‌نماید: نیاز به برنامه‌های بالندگی همچون برنامه‌های پشتیبان در خصوص تدوین و نگارش پایان‌نامه، گنجاندن آموزش‌های ژانر-محور در خصوص نگارش ژانر بخش بحث یافته‌های پایان نامه در کتاب‌های دانشگاهی، و نهایتا نیاز به تقویت سواد نوشتاری ژانر مورد نظر.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></strong> https://www.teljournal.org/article_237648_a44875d243a92b128e0cf83c67bcbfda.pdf

Teaching English Language and Literature Society of Iran (TELLSI) Teaching English Language 2538-5488 19 2 2025 07 01 Rater Training Through Eye-Tracking: A Case-Study of a Novice Rater آموزش ارزیاب با کمک سامانه‌های رهگیری چشم: مطالعه موردی یک ارزیاب مبتدی 511 539 237650 10.22132/tel.2025.472698.1668 EN Mina Tavazoei Department of Foreign Languages and Linguistics, School of Literature and Humanities, Shiraz University 0000-0001-8327-2420 Alireza Ahmadi Faculty of Foreign Languages, Shiraz University 0000-0001-8327-2420 Journal Article 2024 08 10 <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">This study centered around the notion of rater training with the help of eye-tracking systems. A novice rater participated in a rater training program which was informed by tracking the rater’s eye movements. Immediately after rating a sample of essay in each session, the rater was provided with eye-tracking feedback in the form of a heat-map produced based on his eye movements. The heat map was discussed to help the rater understand his behavior during the rating and to pinpoint which rubric descriptors and essay parts the rater noticed more while rating. The findings revealed that in the early sessions, the rater was influenced by the primacy effect; that is, he was mostly focusing on the two first criteria (content and organization). Furthermore, initially, he had struggles deciding on a band score and dedicated considerable attention to the scores rather than descriptors. However, after sessions of training the rater appeared to modify his behavior and tried to focus on all criteria and the equivalent descriptors. The findings can assist rater trainers in organizing rating programs more effectively by employing eye-tracking systems to scrutinize raters’ behavior.</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-bidi-language: FA;">پژوهش حاضر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> بر مفهوم آموزش ارزیاب با کمک سامانه‌های رهگیری چشم متمرکز بوده است. یک ارزیاب مبتدی در برنامه‌ای آموزشی شرکت کرد که بر اساس رهگیری حرکات چشمان او طراحی شده بود. بلافاصله پس از ارزیابی یک نمونه انشا در هر جلسه، بازخوردی از رهگیری چشم به‌صورت نقشه حرارتی بر اساس حرکات چشم او ارائه می‌شد. این نقشه حرارتی مورد بحث قرار می‌گرفت تا به ارزیاب کمک کند رفتار خود را هنگام ارزیابی درک کند و مشخص شود کدام توصیفگرهای جدول معیارها و بخش‌های انشا را بیشتر مورد توجه قرار داده است. یافته‌ها نشان داد که در جلسات اولیه، ارزیاب تحت تأثیر اثر تقدم بود؛ یعنی عمدتاً بر دو معیار اول (محتوا و سازماندهی) تمرکز داشت. افزون بر این، در ابتدا در تصمیم‌گیری درباره محدوده نمره با مشکل مواجه بود و به‌جای توصیفگرها، توجه زیادی به محدوده نمره دهی می‌کرد. با این حال، پس از چند جلسه آموزش، رفتار خود را تعدیل کرد و سعی نمود بر تمامی معیارها و توصیفگرهای معادل تمرکز کند. یافته‌های این تحقیق می‌تواند به مدرسان آموزش ارزیاب در سازماندهی مؤثرتر برنامه‌های ارزیابی با استفاده از سامانه‌های رهگیری چشم برای بررسی رفتار ارزیابان کمک کند</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">.</span> https://www.teljournal.org/article_237650_5da7e26ef8cd41ff378989e8d7542349.pdf